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Agent Interaction & Transaction Protocol (AITP)

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This page is about the Agent Interaction & Transaction Protocol (AITP), the draft agent-to-agent protocol published by NEAR AI at aitp.dev [1]. It is not the Agent Identity & Trust Protocol, a separate project with the same initials ("Agent Identity & Trust Protocol (AITP) — Core") [26], and not the "AI Tool Provider" API used by a NEAR MCP server package ("…interfaces with the AITP (AI Tool Provider) API to dynamically build and manage available AI tools and prompts.") [27]. For the Google-originated agent protocol see Agent2Agent Protocol (A2A); AITP's own documentation calls the Model Context Protocol (MCP) complementary [1].

Overview

AITP is a draft protocol from NEAR AI for conversations between AI agents, and between people and agents, when the parties belong to different owners [1]. Agents talk in chat threads modelled on the OpenAI Assistants interface, and can add optional structured messages, called capabilities, for choices, forms, wallet signing and payments [1][3][4]. NEAR AI wrote the specification while building it into its own agent hub, and presented it as a common standard for agents to communicate and transact [1][16]. NEAR AI has since closed that hub and now offers private AI inference [19][21]. The specification has not been changed since the spring after its first commit, and a public question about whether it is still maintained has had no answer [10][15]. No outside implementation was found.

How it works

Who uses it

Uses found on 2026-10-29. Both entries are NEAR AI's own; no implementation by another party was found.

Who reads it

Statements dated as published. "Vendor says" marks a statement by NEAR AI or the NEAR Foundation about its own work.

Recent coverage

See also

References

  1. NEAR AI, AITP: Agent Interaction & Transaction Protocol, specification home page (undated), checked 2026-10-29: "Version: 0.1.0 Status: Draft" "AITP is a spec in progress and we are open to comments, feedback, and contributions!" "We are simultaneously writing this spec, integrating AITP support into the NEAR AI Hub, and building AITP-compatible agents to inform how the protocol should change before v1.0." "AITP enables AI agents to communicate securely across trust boundaries while providing extensible mechanisms for structured interactions." "A core protocol for communicating with agents in Chat Threads, inspired by and largely compatible with the OpenAI Assistant/Threads API." "Complementary - service agents may use MCP internally while offering AITP externally" "Transitional - useful until AITP adoption grows" "Agents built on the NEAR AI Hub support all AITP features." — https://aitp.dev/
  2. NEAR AI, AITP specification, Threads (undated), checked 2026-10-29: "Threads represent the main communication object between agents." "Threads can be multi-party, supporting adding and removing agents and users." "These concepts are intentionally absent from AITP spec." "AITP doesn't define a central or decentralized directory of agents; each Transport defines how to find or connect to agents." "In AITP, agents have IDs that are only unique to the current thread." — https://aitp.dev/threads
  3. NEAR AI, AITP specification, AITP-T01: Threads API (undated), checked 2026-10-29: "AITP-T01 is an AITP transport using a JSON API over HTTPS." "It is inspired by, and intended to be compatible with, the OpenAI Assistants 'v2' API." "Spec Status: Draft Implementation Status: Live on NEAR AI" "The client is never trusted to provide an accurate thread history" "Capability exchange Part of POST /v1/thread" — https://aitp.dev/transports/aitp-t01-threads-api
  4. NEAR AI, AITP specification, Capabilities (undated), checked 2026-10-29: "Capabilities are standards for specialized messages to enable structured interactions, e.g. for processing payments or sharing sensitive data." "Capability exchange is the responsibility of the Transport; it is not contained in the messages." "AITP-01: Payments v1.0.0 Agent-native payment protocol for user-to-agent and agent-to-agent payments Ideation In Development" "AITP-02: Decisions v1.0.0 Requesting decisions or actions from an agent or to be displayed in a user interface Draft Live on NEAR AI" "AITP-03: Data Request v1.0.0 Requesting and responding with structured data like passwords and addresses Draft Live on NEAR AI" "AITP-05: EVM Wallet v1.0.0 Interaction with Ethereum and EVM-compatible blockchain wallets Draft Planned" "AITP-08: Human In The Loop Hardware- or app-signed attestations of information disclosure or approval from a human Planned Planned" "the protocol is extensible and permissionless so you can define your own capability schema, host it anywhere, and agree on its use among participants." "AITP-09: Fiat Payments Support for legacy/fiat payment methods Planned Planned" — https://aitp.dev/capabilities
  5. NEAR AI, AITP specification, AITP-01: Payments (undated), checked 2026-10-29: "Version: 1.0.0 Spec Status: Ideation Implementation Status: In Development" "When a service agent needs to request payment, it sends a payment request (Quote) that can flow upstream through assistants until it reaches an agent or UI that can handle payments." ""merchant_id": "store.near"" ""payer_id": "user.near"" "One-way Payment Channels: Funds flow from user to merchant with proper authorization" "One-time payments: Merchant draws full amount and closes the channel" "Support for NEAR and NEAR-based tokens initially" "When payment is completed, the smart contract automatically distributes the affiliate share" "The initial implementation will be available on the NEAR AI platform, with SDKs for integrating into other agent frameworks." "Any agent in the chain can decide to handle, modify, or reject the request." — https://aitp.dev/capabilities/aitp-01-payments
  6. NEAR AI, AITP specification, AITP-02: Decisions (undated), checked 2026-10-29: "The Decisions capability enables agents to request structured choices from users or other agents, and to receive structured responses to those requests." — https://aitp.dev/capabilities/aitp-02-decisions
  7. NEAR AI, AITP specification, AITP-03: Data Request (undated), checked 2026-10-29: "The Data Request capability enables agents to request structured form data from users or other agents, and to receive structured responses to those requests." — https://aitp.dev/capabilities/aitp-03-data-request
  8. NEAR AI, AITP specification, AITP-04: NEAR Wallet (undated), checked 2026-10-29: "AITP-04 NEAR Wallet enables agents to interact with a user's NEAR blockchain wallet for account information, transaction signing, and message signing." — https://aitp.dev/capabilities/aitp-04-near-wallet
  9. GitHub API, nearai/aitp repository record (UTC), checked 2026-10-29: ""description": "AITP: Agent Interaction & Transaction Protocol"" ""created_at": "2024-12-30T13:53:23Z"" ""archived": false" ""spdx_id": "MIT"" — https://api.github.com/repos/nearai/aitp
  10. GitHub API, nearai/aitp commits (UTC), checked 2026-10-29: ""date": "2025-04-01T15:09:48Z"" ""message": "Initial commit"" ""name": "Illia Polosukhin"" — https://api.github.com/repos/nearai/aitp/commits?per_page=100
  11. GitHub API, nearai/aitp tags, checked 2026-10-29: ""name": "aitp-py-v0.0.10"" — https://api.github.com/repos/nearai/aitp/tags
  12. nearai/aitp, README.md, checked 2026-10-29: "Version: 0.1.0 (Draft)" "Agents built on the [NEAR AI Hub](https://app.near.ai) already support AITP" — https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nearai/aitp/main/README.md
  13. nearai/aitp, LICENSE, checked 2026-10-29: "Copyright (c) 2025 NEAR AI" — https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nearai/aitp/main/LICENSE
  14. PyPI JSON API, aitp (upload times UTC), checked 2026-10-29: ""name":"aitp"" ""version":"0.0.10"" ""upload_time":"2025-04-01T15:11:14"" ""summary":"AITP Python Package"" — https://pypi.org/pypi/aitp/json
  15. GitHub API, nearai/aitp issue 48 (UTC), checked 2026-10-29: ""title": "Activity question"" ""created_at": "2026-06-12T05:21:10Z"" ""comments": 0" "Do you guys still actively maintaining / developing AITP?" — https://api.github.com/repos/nearai/aitp/issues/48
  16. NEAR Foundation, NEAR blog, ETHDenver 2025 recap, 2025-03-07, checked 2026-10-29: "Illia also introduced AITP: Agent Interaction and Transaction Protocol, a groundbreaking initiative designed to create a common standard for AI agents to communicate and transact securely across networks." "Illia Polosukhin's February 27 talk" — https://www.near.org/blog/ethdenver-2025
  17. NEAR Foundation, NEAR blog, The State of AI on NEAR: 2025 Update, 2025-08-06, checked 2026-10-29: "Assistants, agents, autonomous agents will use the Agent Interaction and Transaction Protocol (AITP) such that agents can exchange data and assets (leveraging NEAR Intents), for developing a robust agentic economy on NEAR." "The ultimate goal of AITP is to become a Web3 native and multi-chain protocol for agentic payments, identification, human verification, and liveness." — https://www.near.org/blog/the-state-of-ai-on-near-2025-update
  18. NEAR Foundation, NEAR blog, NEAR Foundation joins the x402 Foundation, 2026-07-14, checked 2026-10-29: "The NEAR Foundation has officially joined the x402 Foundation, the Linux Foundation body dedicated to advancing open, accessible, and transparent infrastructure for the agent economy." "The intention is that an agent can pay through x402 and rely on NEAR infrastructure for everything around that payment." — https://www.near.org/blog/near-foundation-joins-x402-foundation
  19. nearai/nearai repository page and deprecation README (archived 2025-12-18), checked 2026-10-29: "The NEAR AI Developer Hub at https://app.near.ai/ will shut down on October 31, 2025 and replaced with this notice." "After that date, all agents, threads, models, vector stores, datasets, and evaluations will be unavailable." "This repository was archived by the owner on Dec 18, 2025." "There's not that much need (or demand) anymore for a special hosted framework for chat-based AI agents." — https://github.com/nearai/nearai
  20. GitHub API, nearai/nearai repository record, checked 2026-10-29: ""archived": true" ""description": "Deprecated – check out our newest work at https://near.ai"" — https://api.github.com/repos/nearai/nearai
  21. NEAR AI home page, checked 2026-10-29: "Private AI inference you can verify" — https://near.ai/
  22. arXiv:2504.16736 abstract page, checked 2026-10-29: "[Submitted on 23 Apr 2025" "Title: A Survey of AI Agent Protocols" — https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.16736
  23. Y. Yang and others, A Survey of AI Agent Protocols, arXiv:2504.16736v3 (HTML), checked 2026-10-29: "What distinguishes AITP is its explicit focus on enabling agent interactions across trust boundaries, addressing challenges of identity, security, and data integrity with Blockchain in decentralized multi-agent environments." — https://arxiv.org/html/2504.16736v3
  24. European Payments Consulting Association (EPCA), From user to agent: the new language for AI payments, 2025-10-02, checked 2026-10-29: "In this context, Near AI is developing the Agent Interaction and Transaction Protocol (AITP), an open protocol that enables AI agents to communicate and transact with each other and with users in a secure, verifiable, and platform-independent manner." "Like AP2, AITP seeks to ensure traceability and compliance with user mandates in all transactions performed by AI agents." — https://europeanpaymentadvisors.com/from-user-to-agent-the-new-language-for-ai-payments/
  25. Silicon.fr, A2A, ACP, agents.json... Que deviennent ces protocoles agentiques ?, 2026-02-06, checked 2026-10-29: "Depuis la publication de la taxonomie, AITP (Agent Interaction and Transaction Protocol) est resté en brouillon." "Aux dernières nouvelles, des connexions sont établies avec le wallet NEAR." — https://www.silicon.fr/data-ia-1372/protocoles-agentiques-225579
  26. Agent Identity & Trust Protocol project, RFC-AITP-0001 (a different protocol), checked 2026-10-29: "Agent Identity & Trust Protocol (AITP) — Core" — https://raw.githubusercontent.com/agentidentitytrustprotocol/agentidentitytrustprotocol/main/rfcs/RFC-AITP-0001-core.md
  27. npm registry, @near-mcp/aitp-mcp-server package record, checked 2026-10-29: "interfaces with the AITP (AI Tool Provider) API to dynamically build and manage available AI tools and prompts." — https://registry.npmjs.org/@near-mcp/aitp-mcp-server

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