---
type: Agentic Web Standard
title: "Model Context Protocol"
description: "How does an AI application call tools and pull structured context, prompts, and data from an external server?"
resource: "https://modelcontextprotocol.io/specification/2026-07-28"
tags: ["act", "endpoint", "linux-foundation", "expose-tools-to-agents", "describe-agent-capabilities", "discover-my-api", "render-agent-ui"]
status: stable
generated: { by: agenticweb-builder/1.0, at: 2026-10-30T00:00:00Z }
verified: { by: process:agenticweb-engine, at: 2026-10-28T00:00:00Z }
stale_after: 2026-11-27T00:00:00Z
sources:
  - id: ref-1
    resource: "https://modelcontextprotocol.io/specification/2026-07-28"
    title: "Model Context Protocol, Specification - Model Context Protocol, revision 2026-07-28, checked 2026-10-28: \"Model Context Protocol (MCP) is an open protocol that enables seamless integration between LLM applications and external data sources and tools. Whether you’re building an AI-powered IDE, enhancing a chat interface, or creating custom AI workflows, MCP provides a standardized way to connect LLMs with the context they need.\" \"The protocol uses JSON-RPC 2.0 messages to establish communication between: Hosts: LLM applications that initiate connections Clients: Connectors within the host application Servers: Services that provide context and capabilities\" \"Servers offer any of the following features to clients: Resources: Context and data, for the user or the AI model to use Prompts: Templated messages and workflows for users Tools: Functions for the AI model to execute\""
    last_modified: 2026-07-28T00:00:00Z
  - id: ref-2
    resource: "https://modelcontextprotocol.io/docs/2026-07-28/learn/versioning"
    title: "Model Context Protocol, Versioning - Model Context Protocol, checked 2026-10-28: \"The current protocol version is 2026-07-28.\" \"The Model Context Protocol uses string-based version identifiers following the format YYYY-MM-DD, to indicate the last date backwards incompatible changes were made.\" \"Calling it is optional: a client is free to send any request directly and handle a version error if one comes back.\""
    last_modified: 2026-10-28T00:00:00Z
  - id: ref-3
    resource: "https://modelcontextprotocol.io/specification/2026-07-28/changelog"
    title: "Model Context Protocol, Key Changes - Model Context Protocol (changelog for revision 2026-07-28), checked 2026-10-28: \"Make MCP stateless: remove the initialize/notifications/initialized handshake.\""
    last_modified: 2026-07-28T00:00:00Z
  - id: ref-4
    resource: "https://blog.modelcontextprotocol.io/posts/2026-07-28/"
    title: "David Soria Parra and Den Delimarsky, The 2026-07-28 Specification | Model Context Protocol Blog, 2026-07-28: \"The highlight of this release is a stateless protocol core - MCP is transforming from a bidirectional stateful protocol into a request/response stateless protocol.\" \"MCP is foundational to Microsoft Foundry, enabling us to scale from dozens of integrations to thousands.\""
    last_modified: 2026-07-28T00:00:00Z
  - id: ref-5
    resource: "https://ruby.sdk.modelcontextprotocol.io/protocol-versions/"
    title: "Model Context Protocol, Protocol Versions | MCP Ruby SDK (official Ruby SDK documentation, table of protocol revisions), checked 2026-10-28: \"2024-11-05 Handshake Initial protocol revision\""
    last_modified: 2026-10-28T00:00:00Z
  - id: ref-6
    resource: "https://modelcontextprotocol.io/specification/2026-07-28/basic/transports/streamable-http"
    title: "Model Context Protocol, Streamable HTTP - Model Context Protocol, revision 2026-07-28, checked 2026-10-28: \"The server exposes a single HTTP endpoint (the MCP endpoint) that accepts POST.\""
    last_modified: 2026-07-28T00:00:00Z
  - id: ref-7
    resource: "https://modelcontextprotocol.io/specification/2026-07-28/basic/transports/stdio"
    title: "Model Context Protocol, stdio - Model Context Protocol, revision 2026-07-28, checked 2026-10-28: \"In the stdio transport, the client launches the MCP server as a subprocess.\""
    last_modified: 2026-07-28T00:00:00Z
  - id: ref-8
    resource: "https://modelcontextprotocol.io/seps/2127-mcp-server-cards"
    title: "David Soria Parra, Sam Morrow and Tadas Antanavicius, SEP-2127: MCP Server Cards - HTTP Server Discovery - Model Context Protocol (status Final, Extensions Track), checked 2026-10-28: \"Cards themselves can be hosted at any unreserved URI, with <streamable-http-url>/server-card reserved as the recommended location.\""
    last_modified: 2026-10-28T00:00:00Z
  - id: ref-9
    resource: "https://modelcontextprotocol.io/registry/about"
    title: "Model Context Protocol, The MCP Registry - Model Context Protocol, checked 2026-10-28: \"The MCP Registry is currently in preview.\" \"The MCP Registry is the official centralized metadata repository for publicly accessible MCP servers, backed by major trusted contributors to the MCP ecosystem such as Anthropic, GitHub, PulseMCP, and Microsoft.\""
    last_modified: 2026-10-28T00:00:00Z
  - id: ref-10
    resource: "https://modelcontextprotocol.io/community/governance"
    title: "Model Context Protocol, Governance and Stewardship - Model Context Protocol, checked 2026-10-28: \"Model Context Protocol has been established as Model Context Protocol a Series of LF Projects, LLC.\" \"Lead Maintainers are the final decision makers (also known as BDFL - Benevolent Dictator for Life).\" \"All outbound code and specifications will be made available under the Project License.\""
    last_modified: 2026-10-28T00:00:00Z
  - id: ref-11
    resource: "https://www.anthropic.com/news/model-context-protocol"
    title: "Anthropic, Introducing the Model Context Protocol \\ Anthropic, 2024-11-25: \"Today, we’re open-sourcing the Model Context Protocol (MCP), a new standard for connecting AI assistants to the systems where data lives, including content repositories, business tools, and development environments.\""
    last_modified: 2024-11-25T00:00:00Z
  - id: ref-12
    resource: "https://www.anthropic.com/news/donating-the-model-context-protocol-and-establishing-of-the-agentic-ai-foundation"
    title: "Anthropic, Donating MCP to the Agentic AI Foundation \\ Anthropic, 2025-12-09: \"Today, we’re donating the Model Context Protocol (MCP) to the Agentic AI Foundation (AAIF), a directed fund under the Linux Foundation, co-founded by Anthropic, Block and OpenAI, with support from Google, Microsoft, Amazon Web Services (AWS), Cloudflare, and Bloomberg.\" \"The Model Context Protocol’s governance model will remain unchanged: the project’s maintainers will continue to prioritize community input and transparent decision-making.\""
    last_modified: 2025-12-09T00:00:00Z
  - id: ref-13
    resource: "https://www.linuxfoundation.org/press/linux-foundation-announces-the-formation-of-the-agentic-ai-foundation"
    title: "Linux Foundation, Linux Foundation Announces the Formation of the Agentic AI Foundation (AAIF), Anchored by New Project Contributions Including Model Context Protocol (MCP), goose and AGENTS.md (press release), 2025-12-09: \"The Linux Foundation, the nonprofit organization enabling mass innovation through open source, today announced the formation of the Agentic AI Foundation (AAIF), and founding contributions of three leading projects driving innovation in open source AI; Anthropic’s Model Context Protocol (MCP), Block’s goose, and OpenAI’s AGENTS.md.\""
    last_modified: 2025-12-09T00:00:00Z
  - id: ref-14
    resource: "https://huggingface.co/docs/hub/agents-mcp"
    title: "Hugging Face, Hugging Face MCP Server · Hugging Face (Hub documentation), checked 2026-10-28: \"The Hugging Face MCP (Model Context Protocol) Server connects your MCP‑compatible AI assistant (for example Codex, Cursor, VS Code extensions, Zed, ChatGPT or Claude Desktop) directly to the Hugging Face Hub.\""
    last_modified: 2026-10-28T00:00:00Z
  - id: ref-15
    resource: "https://developers.cloudflare.com/agents/model-context-protocol/cloudflare/servers-for-cloudflare/"
    title: "Cloudflare, Cloudflare’s own MCP servers · Cloudflare Agents docs, checked 2026-10-28 (the page lists https://docs.mcp.cloudflare.com/mcp as the documentation server): \"Connect to each server’s Streamable HTTP endpoint at /mcp.\" \"The servers support the MCP 2026-07-28 specification and stateless requests from 2025 Streamable HTTP clients.\""
    last_modified: 2026-10-28T00:00:00Z
  - id: ref-16
    resource: "https://github.com/github/github-mcp-server"
    title: "GitHub, github/github-mcp-server (README, which gives https://api.githubcopilot.com/mcp/ as the remote server URL), checked 2026-10-28 (text checked at the raw.githubusercontent.com copy): \"The remote GitHub MCP Server is hosted by GitHub and provides the easiest method for getting up and running.\""
    last_modified: 2026-10-28T00:00:00Z
  - id: ref-17
    resource: "https://docs.stripe.com/mcp"
    title: "Stripe, Model Context Protocol (MCP) | Stripe Documentation (public preview; gives https://mcp.stripe.com as the server URL), checked 2026-10-28: \"The Stripe Model Context Protocol (MCP) server provides tools that AI agents can use to interact with the Stripe API and search the Stripe knowledge base, including documentation and support articles.\""
    last_modified: 2026-10-28T00:00:00Z
  - id: ref-18
    resource: "https://linear.app/docs/mcp"
    title: "Linear, MCP server – Linear Docs, checked 2026-10-28: \"Linear’s MCP server follows the authenticated remote MCP spec, so the server is centrally hosted and managed.\" \"For all new setups, use the primary Streamable HTTP endpoint at https://mcp.linear.app/mcp.\""
    last_modified: 2026-10-28T00:00:00Z
  - id: ref-19
    resource: "https://claude.com/resources/articles/bringing-mcp-2026-07-28-to-claude"
    title: "Anthropic, MCP 2026-07-28 spec: stateless core, coming to Claude | Claude by Anthropic, 2026-07-28: \"The fifth spec release of the Model Context Protocol, MCP 2026-07-28, is live today.\" \"Support is being rolled out across Claude products.\""
    last_modified: 2026-07-28T00:00:00Z
  - id: ref-20
    resource: "https://support.claude.com/en/articles/11175166-get-started-with-custom-connectors-using-remote-mcp"
    title: "Anthropic, Get started with custom connectors using remote MCP | Claude Help Center, page last modified 2026-10-01: \"Custom connectors using remote MCP are available on Claude, Cowork, and Claude Desktop for users on Free, Pro, Max, Team, and Enterprise plans.\""
    last_modified: 2026-10-01T00:00:00Z
  - id: ref-21
    resource: "https://web.archive.org/web/20260926142325/https://openai.com/index/new-tools-and-features-in-the-responses-api/"
    title: "OpenAI, New tools and features in the Responses API | OpenAI, 2025-05-21. openai.com refused our automated fetch (HTTP 403), so the text was checked at the Internet Archive copy captured 2026-09-26, linked here: \"This includes support for all remote Model Context Protocol (MCP) servers\""
    last_modified: 2025-05-21T00:00:00Z
  - id: ref-22
    resource: "https://cursor.com/changelog/1-0"
    title: "Cursor, Bugbot, Background Agent access to everyone, and one-click MCP install · Cursor (Cursor 1.0 changelog), 2025-06-04: \"You can now set up MCP servers in Cursor with one click, and together with OAuth support, you can easily authenticate servers that support it.\""
    last_modified: 2025-06-04T00:00:00Z
  - id: ref-23
    resource: "https://code.visualstudio.com/blogs/2025/06/12/full-mcp-spec-support"
    title: "Harald Kirschner, Connor Peet and Tyler Leonhardt, Microsoft, The Complete MCP Experience: Full Specification Support in VS Code (VS Code blog), 2025-06-12: \"VS Code now supports the complete Model Context Protocol specification.\""
    last_modified: 2025-06-12T00:00:00Z
  - id: ref-24
    resource: "https://blog.google/innovation-and-ai/technology/developers-tools/introducing-gemini-cli-open-source-ai-agent/"
    title: "Google, Google announces Gemini CLI: your open-source AI agent (Google blog), 2025-06-25: \"Extend Gemini CLI’s capabilities through built-in support for the Model Context Protocol (MCP) or bundled extensions\""
    last_modified: 2025-06-25T00:00:00Z
  - id: ref-25
    resource: "https://techcrunch.com/2025/12/09/openai-anthropic-and-block-join-new-linux-foundation-effort-to-standardize-the-ai-agent-era/"
    title: "Rebecca Bellan, TechCrunch, OpenAI, Anthropic, and Block join new Linux Foundation effort to standardize the AI agent era, 2025-12-09: \"Donating MCP to AAIF signals that the protocol won’t be controlled by a single vendor.\""
    last_modified: 2025-12-09T00:00:00Z
  - id: ref-26
    resource: "https://www.techtarget.com/news/Stateless-MCP-seen-as-step-forward-for-enterprise-AI/857016/"
    title: "Beth Pariseau, TechTarget, Stateless MCP seen as step forward for enterprise AI, 2026-07-28: \"Experts say the project’s update this week will make it more suitable for enterprise production use, but it comes with a breaking change for existing systems.\""
    last_modified: 2026-07-28T00:00:00Z
  - id: ref-27
    resource: "https://arstechnica.com/ai/2026/07/with-a-stateless-makeover-new-mcp-spec-targets-enterprise-scale/"
    title: "Samuel Axon, Ars Technica, With a stateless makeover, new MCP spec targets enterprise scale, 2026-07-30: \"Most notably, MCP’s protocol core is now stateless, so requests are no longer dependent on a session tied to an individual server instance.\""
    last_modified: 2026-07-30T00:00:00Z
---

# Model Context Protocol

Model Context Protocol (MCP) is an agentic-web standard (endpoint) at step 5, Act, governed by Agentic AI Foundation, a directed fund under the Linux Foundation, since 2025-12-09; its status is "Active open protocol. 2026-07-28 is the current revision". It answers: "How does an AI application call tools and pull structured context, prompts, and data from an external server?" Replacing or extending Language Server Protocol, implementation status is multi-implementation (Remote MCP endpoints verified on 2026-10-28 at huggingface.co/mcp, docs.mcp.cloudflare.com/mcp, api.githubcopilot.com/mcp/, mcp.stripe.com, and mcp.linear.app/mcp), last verified 2026-10-28.

# Overview

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) is an open protocol, first released by Anthropic in November 2024, that gives AI applications a standard way to connect to outside tools and data [^ref-1][^ref-11]. An AI application (the host) contains clients that connect to servers using JSON-RPC 2.0, and a server can offer tools for the model to call, resources (context and data) and prompt templates [^ref-1]. A server runs either locally, launched as a subprocess over stdio, or remotely behind a single Streamable HTTP endpoint [^ref-6][^ref-7]. The current revision, 2026-07-28, makes the protocol stateless: it drops the initialize handshake and protocol sessions, so every request carries its own protocol version and client capabilities [^ref-3][^ref-4].

# Examples

```http
POST {endpoint}/mcp
# parse: For protocol 2026-07-28, POST a JSON-RPC 2.0 request with method server/discover. The 2026-07-28 specification made MCP stateless and retired initialize, initialized, and Mcp-Session-Id. Each request carries the MCP-Protocol-Version header, and the method and tool name travel in Mcp-Method and Mcp-Name. server/discover is optional; any other request can land on any instance. On success, the returned protocol version (for example 2026-07-28) and the server name prove an MCP server is present. For servers that still speak 2025-11-25 and earlier, fall back to the legacy initialize handshake and read response.result.protocolVersion and response.result.serverInfo.name.
# on absent: Connection refused, 404, or a non-JSON-RPC response means no MCP server is exposed at that endpoint. SEP-2127 is Final: GET {endpoint}/server-card as application/mcp-server-card+json is a static discovery signal, discovered via /.well-known/ai-catalog.json. /.well-known/mcp.json is the legacy SEP-1649 path. When the static card and a live server/discover response disagree, the live call wins.
```

# Knowledge Graph

* **Lifecycle Step**: [5 Act](/category/act/index.md)
* **Components**: [MCP Server Cards](/okf/protocols/mcp-server-cards.md)
* **Depended on by**: [Ad Context Protocol (AdCP)](/okf/protocols/adcp.md), [Agentic Real Time Framework](/okf/protocols/artf.md), [Coral Protocol (CoralOS)](/okf/protocols/coral-protocol.md), [Discovery of Model Context Protocol Servers via DNS TXT Records](/okf/protocols/mcp-dns-discovery.md), [KYA-OS (Know Your Agent Operating System)](/okf/protocols/kya-os.md), [MCP Apps](/okf/protocols/mcp-apps.md), [NLWeb](/okf/protocols/nlweb.md), [Official MCP Registry](/okf/protocols/mcp-registry.md), [OpenAI Apps SDK manifests](/okf/protocols/openai-apps-sdk-manifests.md), [Per-Call Proof for Local Tool Invocation by AI Agents](/okf/protocols/local-tool-call-proof.md)
* **Pairs with**: [MCP Apps](/okf/protocols/mcp-apps.md), [Official MCP Registry](/okf/protocols/mcp-registry.md), [MCP Server Cards](/okf/protocols/mcp-server-cards.md), [OAuth Protected Resource and Authorization Server Metadata (as used for agent authorization)](/okf/protocols/oauth-metadata-for-agents.md), [Agent2Agent Protocol (A2A)](/okf/protocols/a2a.md), [Agent Client Protocol](/okf/protocols/agent-client-protocol.md)
* **Related terms**: [MCP Server Card](/okf/terms/server-card.md), [Agentic web](/okf/terms/agentic-web.md), [MCP Registry](/okf/terms/official-mcp-registry.md), [Protected Resource Metadata](/okf/terms/protected-resource-metadata.md), [Tool](/okf/terms/tool.md), [Agent skill](/okf/terms/agent-skill.md), [MCP](/okf/terms/model-context-protocol.md), [Streamable HTTP](/okf/terms/streamable-http.md), [Elicitation](/okf/terms/elicitation.md), [Sampling](/okf/terms/sampling.md), [Roots](/okf/terms/roots.md), [MCP Resource](/okf/terms/mcp-resource.md), [MCP Prompt](/okf/terms/mcp-prompt.md), [Agent2Agent (A2A)](/okf/terms/agent-to-agent.md), [Dynamic Client Registration & Client ID Metadata](/okf/terms/dynamic-client-registration.md), [Context compaction](/okf/terms/context-compaction.md), [AI agent](/okf/terms/ai-agent.md)
* **Compared in**: [OpenAPI & REST APIs vs Model Context Protocol (MCP) (classic vs agentic)](/compare/openapi-vs-mcp/index.md), [DOM Browser Automation vs WebMCP & MCP (classic vs agentic)](/compare/browser-automation-vs-webmcp/index.md), [Agent2Agent Protocol (A2A) vs Model Context Protocol](/compare/a2a-vs-mcp/index.md), [Agent Skills vs Model Context Protocol](/compare/anthropic-agent-skills-format-vs-mcp/index.md), [Model Context Protocol vs WebMCP](/compare/mcp-vs-webmcp/index.md), [Model Context Protocol vs Agent Client Protocol](/compare/mcp-vs-agent-client-protocol/index.md), [NLWeb vs Model Context Protocol](/compare/nlweb-vs-mcp/index.md), [Model Context Protocol vs agents.json](/compare/mcp-vs-agents-json/index.md), [Model Context Protocol vs OpenAI Apps SDK manifests](/compare/mcp-vs-openai-apps-sdk-manifests/index.md), [Agent Protocol vs Model Context Protocol](/compare/agent-protocol-aief-vs-mcp/index.md), [Agent Network Protocol vs Model Context Protocol](/compare/anp-vs-mcp/index.md)

[^ref-1]: Model Context Protocol, Specification - Model Context Protocol, revision 2026-07-28, checked 2026-10-28: "Model Context Protocol (MCP) is an open protocol that enables seamless integration between LLM applications and external data sources and tools. Whether you’re building an AI-powered IDE, enhancing a chat interface, or creating custom AI workflows, MCP provides a standardized way to connect LLMs with the context they need." "The protocol uses JSON-RPC 2.0 messages to establish communication between: Hosts: LLM applications that initiate connections Clients: Connectors within the host application Servers: Services that provide context and capabilities" "Servers offer any of the following features to clients: Resources: Context and data, for the user or the AI model to use Prompts: Templated messages and workflows for users Tools: Functions for the AI model to execute" (https://modelcontextprotocol.io/specification/2026-07-28)
[^ref-2]: Model Context Protocol, Versioning - Model Context Protocol, checked 2026-10-28: "The current protocol version is 2026-07-28." "The Model Context Protocol uses string-based version identifiers following the format YYYY-MM-DD, to indicate the last date backwards incompatible changes were made." "Calling it is optional: a client is free to send any request directly and handle a version error if one comes back." (https://modelcontextprotocol.io/docs/2026-07-28/learn/versioning)
[^ref-3]: Model Context Protocol, Key Changes - Model Context Protocol (changelog for revision 2026-07-28), checked 2026-10-28: "Make MCP stateless: remove the initialize/notifications/initialized handshake." (https://modelcontextprotocol.io/specification/2026-07-28/changelog)
[^ref-4]: David Soria Parra and Den Delimarsky, The 2026-07-28 Specification | Model Context Protocol Blog, 2026-07-28: "The highlight of this release is a stateless protocol core - MCP is transforming from a bidirectional stateful protocol into a request/response stateless protocol." "MCP is foundational to Microsoft Foundry, enabling us to scale from dozens of integrations to thousands." (https://blog.modelcontextprotocol.io/posts/2026-07-28/)
[^ref-5]: Model Context Protocol, Protocol Versions | MCP Ruby SDK (official Ruby SDK documentation, table of protocol revisions), checked 2026-10-28: "2024-11-05 Handshake Initial protocol revision" (https://ruby.sdk.modelcontextprotocol.io/protocol-versions/)
[^ref-6]: Model Context Protocol, Streamable HTTP - Model Context Protocol, revision 2026-07-28, checked 2026-10-28: "The server exposes a single HTTP endpoint (the MCP endpoint) that accepts POST." (https://modelcontextprotocol.io/specification/2026-07-28/basic/transports/streamable-http)
[^ref-7]: Model Context Protocol, stdio - Model Context Protocol, revision 2026-07-28, checked 2026-10-28: "In the stdio transport, the client launches the MCP server as a subprocess." (https://modelcontextprotocol.io/specification/2026-07-28/basic/transports/stdio)
[^ref-8]: David Soria Parra, Sam Morrow and Tadas Antanavicius, SEP-2127: MCP Server Cards - HTTP Server Discovery - Model Context Protocol (status Final, Extensions Track), checked 2026-10-28: "Cards themselves can be hosted at any unreserved URI, with <streamable-http-url>/server-card reserved as the recommended location." (https://modelcontextprotocol.io/seps/2127-mcp-server-cards)
[^ref-9]: Model Context Protocol, The MCP Registry - Model Context Protocol, checked 2026-10-28: "The MCP Registry is currently in preview." "The MCP Registry is the official centralized metadata repository for publicly accessible MCP servers, backed by major trusted contributors to the MCP ecosystem such as Anthropic, GitHub, PulseMCP, and Microsoft." (https://modelcontextprotocol.io/registry/about)
[^ref-10]: Model Context Protocol, Governance and Stewardship - Model Context Protocol, checked 2026-10-28: "Model Context Protocol has been established as Model Context Protocol a Series of LF Projects, LLC." "Lead Maintainers are the final decision makers (also known as BDFL - Benevolent Dictator for Life)." "All outbound code and specifications will be made available under the Project License." (https://modelcontextprotocol.io/community/governance)
[^ref-11]: Anthropic, Introducing the Model Context Protocol \ Anthropic, 2024-11-25: "Today, we’re open-sourcing the Model Context Protocol (MCP), a new standard for connecting AI assistants to the systems where data lives, including content repositories, business tools, and development environments." (https://www.anthropic.com/news/model-context-protocol)
[^ref-12]: Anthropic, Donating MCP to the Agentic AI Foundation \ Anthropic, 2025-12-09: "Today, we’re donating the Model Context Protocol (MCP) to the Agentic AI Foundation (AAIF), a directed fund under the Linux Foundation, co-founded by Anthropic, Block and OpenAI, with support from Google, Microsoft, Amazon Web Services (AWS), Cloudflare, and Bloomberg." "The Model Context Protocol’s governance model will remain unchanged: the project’s maintainers will continue to prioritize community input and transparent decision-making." (https://www.anthropic.com/news/donating-the-model-context-protocol-and-establishing-of-the-agentic-ai-foundation)
[^ref-13]: Linux Foundation, Linux Foundation Announces the Formation of the Agentic AI Foundation (AAIF), Anchored by New Project Contributions Including Model Context Protocol (MCP), goose and AGENTS.md (press release), 2025-12-09: "The Linux Foundation, the nonprofit organization enabling mass innovation through open source, today announced the formation of the Agentic AI Foundation (AAIF), and founding contributions of three leading projects driving innovation in open source AI; Anthropic’s Model Context Protocol (MCP), Block’s goose, and OpenAI’s AGENTS.md." (https://www.linuxfoundation.org/press/linux-foundation-announces-the-formation-of-the-agentic-ai-foundation)
[^ref-14]: Hugging Face, Hugging Face MCP Server · Hugging Face (Hub documentation), checked 2026-10-28: "The Hugging Face MCP (Model Context Protocol) Server connects your MCP‑compatible AI assistant (for example Codex, Cursor, VS Code extensions, Zed, ChatGPT or Claude Desktop) directly to the Hugging Face Hub." (https://huggingface.co/docs/hub/agents-mcp)
[^ref-15]: Cloudflare, Cloudflare’s own MCP servers · Cloudflare Agents docs, checked 2026-10-28 (the page lists https://docs.mcp.cloudflare.com/mcp as the documentation server): "Connect to each server’s Streamable HTTP endpoint at /mcp." "The servers support the MCP 2026-07-28 specification and stateless requests from 2025 Streamable HTTP clients." (https://developers.cloudflare.com/agents/model-context-protocol/cloudflare/servers-for-cloudflare/)
[^ref-16]: GitHub, github/github-mcp-server (README, which gives https://api.githubcopilot.com/mcp/ as the remote server URL), checked 2026-10-28 (text checked at the raw.githubusercontent.com copy): "The remote GitHub MCP Server is hosted by GitHub and provides the easiest method for getting up and running." (https://github.com/github/github-mcp-server)
[^ref-17]: Stripe, Model Context Protocol (MCP) | Stripe Documentation (public preview; gives https://mcp.stripe.com as the server URL), checked 2026-10-28: "The Stripe Model Context Protocol (MCP) server provides tools that AI agents can use to interact with the Stripe API and search the Stripe knowledge base, including documentation and support articles." (https://docs.stripe.com/mcp)
[^ref-18]: Linear, MCP server – Linear Docs, checked 2026-10-28: "Linear’s MCP server follows the authenticated remote MCP spec, so the server is centrally hosted and managed." "For all new setups, use the primary Streamable HTTP endpoint at https://mcp.linear.app/mcp." (https://linear.app/docs/mcp)
[^ref-19]: Anthropic, MCP 2026-07-28 spec: stateless core, coming to Claude | Claude by Anthropic, 2026-07-28: "The fifth spec release of the Model Context Protocol, MCP 2026-07-28, is live today." "Support is being rolled out across Claude products." (https://claude.com/resources/articles/bringing-mcp-2026-07-28-to-claude)
[^ref-20]: Anthropic, Get started with custom connectors using remote MCP | Claude Help Center, page last modified 2026-10-01: "Custom connectors using remote MCP are available on Claude, Cowork, and Claude Desktop for users on Free, Pro, Max, Team, and Enterprise plans." (https://support.claude.com/en/articles/11175166-get-started-with-custom-connectors-using-remote-mcp)
[^ref-21]: OpenAI, New tools and features in the Responses API | OpenAI, 2025-05-21. openai.com refused our automated fetch (HTTP 403), so the text was checked at the Internet Archive copy captured 2026-09-26, linked here: "This includes support for all remote Model Context Protocol (MCP) servers" (https://web.archive.org/web/20260926142325/https://openai.com/index/new-tools-and-features-in-the-responses-api/)
[^ref-22]: Cursor, Bugbot, Background Agent access to everyone, and one-click MCP install · Cursor (Cursor 1.0 changelog), 2025-06-04: "You can now set up MCP servers in Cursor with one click, and together with OAuth support, you can easily authenticate servers that support it." (https://cursor.com/changelog/1-0)
[^ref-23]: Harald Kirschner, Connor Peet and Tyler Leonhardt, Microsoft, The Complete MCP Experience: Full Specification Support in VS Code (VS Code blog), 2025-06-12: "VS Code now supports the complete Model Context Protocol specification." (https://code.visualstudio.com/blogs/2025/06/12/full-mcp-spec-support)
[^ref-24]: Google, Google announces Gemini CLI: your open-source AI agent (Google blog), 2025-06-25: "Extend Gemini CLI’s capabilities through built-in support for the Model Context Protocol (MCP) or bundled extensions" (https://blog.google/innovation-and-ai/technology/developers-tools/introducing-gemini-cli-open-source-ai-agent/)
[^ref-25]: Rebecca Bellan, TechCrunch, OpenAI, Anthropic, and Block join new Linux Foundation effort to standardize the AI agent era, 2025-12-09: "Donating MCP to AAIF signals that the protocol won’t be controlled by a single vendor." (https://techcrunch.com/2025/12/09/openai-anthropic-and-block-join-new-linux-foundation-effort-to-standardize-the-ai-agent-era/)
[^ref-26]: Beth Pariseau, TechTarget, Stateless MCP seen as step forward for enterprise AI, 2026-07-28: "Experts say the project’s update this week will make it more suitable for enterprise production use, but it comes with a breaking change for existing systems." (https://www.techtarget.com/news/Stateless-MCP-seen-as-step-forward-for-enterprise-AI/857016/)
[^ref-27]: Samuel Axon, Ars Technica, With a stateless makeover, new MCP spec targets enterprise scale, 2026-07-30: "Most notably, MCP’s protocol core is now stateless, so requests are no longer dependent on a session tied to an individual server instance." (https://arstechnica.com/ai/2026/07/with-a-stateless-makeover-new-mcp-spec-targets-enterprise-scale/)